Healthcare in Italy for Foreigners: A Comprehensive Guide

The Italian National Healthcare System (NHS) is public and designed to serve all Italian citizens, but it also extends its services to certain categories of foreign citizens. This guide provides essential information on healthcare access for foreigners in Italy, differences between public and private healthcare, and specific requirements for different residency statuses.

Is Healthcare in Italy Free for Foreigners?

Non-EU citizens residing in Italy with specific residence permits can access public healthcare for free and obtain a health card ("tessera sanitaria"). However, not all residence permits grant this privilege. Before moving to Italy, it's essential to verify whether your residence permit qualifies for free NHS access.

If free access is not possible, foreigners can purchase private health insurance through independent insurers or subscribe to voluntary NHS enrollment.

Do Foreigners Need Health Insurance in Italy?

Foreigners who do not qualify for free NHS registration are strongly advised to obtain private health insurance before traveling to Italy. This ensures they have coverage for medical emergencies and other health needs during their stay.

How to Get Health Insurance in Italy

The type of health insurance foreigners need depends on their status in Italy, including:

1. Expats residing in Italy

Expats with residence permits for work, family reunification, or other specific reasons can usually enroll in the NHS for free. Registration is done at the local health office and is valid for the duration of the residence permit.

2. Tourists

Tourists are not entitled to free NHS registration. Emergency healthcare services are available, but they come at a cost determined by regional rates. Tourists are encouraged to have travel insurance with a minimum coverage of €30,000 to meet visa requirements and cover medical expenses.

3. International Students

Students can either purchase private health insurance or voluntarily enroll in the NHS by paying an annual fee, starting at €700. This provides access to healthcare services similar to those for Italian residents.

4. EU Citizens

EU citizens can use their European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) to access necessary medical treatment during their stay in Italy. Services are provided under the same conditions as for Italian citizens, including the payment of standard fees (ticket).

5. UK Citizens

Following Brexit, UK citizens are treated as non-EU citizens. They must follow the same rules as other non-EU nationals, including the requirement for private health insurance or voluntary NHS enrollment.

Healthcare for Foreigners Without Residence Permits

Foreign nationals without a valid residence permit are eligible for essential healthcare services under the STP (Straniero Temporaneamente Presente) code. This includes urgent and preventive care, maternal health, vaccinations, and treatments for infectious diseases. The STP card is issued for six months and is renewable.

Medical Care for Tourists

Tourists in Italy can access emergency medical care upon payment of regional rates. It is recommended that tourists have private health insurance to cover potential medical expenses, including doctor visits, which can range between €100 and €200.

Special Considerations for International Students

International students can opt for either private health insurance or voluntary NHS enrollment. Private policies must cover the Italian territory, while NHS enrollment requires an annual flat-rate contribution of at least €700.

Healthcare Access for EU Citizens

EU citizens benefit from their EHIC card, granting them access to medically necessary treatments in Italy. However, the scope of "necessary care" varies and is assessed based on the duration of stay and medical needs.

Conclusion

The Italian healthcare system offers a range of options for foreigners, from free NHS access for eligible residents to private health insurance for others. Whether you're moving to Italy, studying, or visiting as a tourist, understanding the healthcare system is essential to ensure proper medical coverage during your stay.